With respect to other African countries, especially
those of the north, Kenyan immigrants in Italy are few and rarely
mentioned in the statistics of immigrant populations. According
to 2004 statistics, Kenya does not appear among the first 50 listed
countries with the greatest number of immigrants in Italy. There
are approximately 2,000 Kenyans with a regular residence permit.
An article regarding the role of Kenyan immigrants in national development
states that Kenya is not yet subject to heavy emigration, and the
move of high numbers of Kenyan immigrants abroad is a relatively
recent phenomenon, mainly caused by unemployment even for those
who have received higher education, and this is all due to the general
worsening of national economy, political problems and the globalisation
factors of the last twenty years.
The preferred countries for Kenyan emigrants are:
the UK, USA, Canada and other European countries. The majority of
the emigrants have certain technical and business ability; they
are qualified (doctors, nurses, technical assistants, accountants,
researchers, teachers); managers and owners of various activities
who are seeking qualified people to employ and good business opportunities.
There are also the students, who probably account for the majority
of emigrants who, after terminating their studies abroad, decide
to continue and work in the various fields in their host countries.
In the States, where there is the highest number
of Kenyan immigrants, the Kenyan Community Association (KCA) was
established in 1997 with the aim of promoting political prosperity,
economic and social development in Kenya. The KCA also invites Kenyan
emigrants in other countries outside the States to take part in
their activities with the aim of uniting all Kenyan citizens who
have left their country.
As Kenya is an important tourist destination, especially
for the Europeans including Italians, a part of the Kenyan emigrants
are those, mainly women, who get married to Italian tourists and
later on invite their families to Italy as well. These in turn set
up small businesses, importing various tourist souvenirs, exporting,
on a small scale, Italian fashion clothing and other items. Another
category of Kenyan immigrants is formed of the seminarists and the
clergy, however it can happen that thy give up their religious education
and ecclesiastic life and remain in Italy and begin working in other
fields.
The majority of Kenyan students in Italy leave
the country when they have terminated their studies, and decide
to go back to Kenya or on to other countries, especially the UK
and the States, where it is easier to integrate, given the linguistic,
cultural and professional training similarities, without having
to learn a new language and translate their qualifications which
they obtained abroad. In Italy, for example, due to the different
education systems between Kenya and Italy, a qualification obtained
abroad must be recognised by Italian education to be considered
valid; furthermore, Italian, like all Latin origin languages is
generally difficult to learn for English speakers.
Those who, like myself, decide to stay in Italy
when they have finished their studies, start working with the hopes
of having a better standard of living with respect to that back
home in Kenya, especially when, after a long time spent abroad,
personal hopes and expectations change.
They want to reach their personal aims, which would be difficult
in Kenya, and stay in Italy to make their dreams come true, or to
obtain Italian citizenship. In my opinion, each immigrant has his
or her own personal mission that they must pursue and fight continuously
to attain.
However, staying outside the homeland does not
preclude the chance of going back to Kenya and leaving the new country,
but the balance between deciding to go back or to stay is often
heavily weighted toward their new cultural situation. There is the
fear of having to begin all over again, to learn how to fit back
into the old context, and there are also various other factors:
such as age, whether one has a family or not, what the relationships
are with the original families (strong or weak bonds), again if
the family is poor or well-off, if there are concrete chances for
social and economic growth by returning home, and many more besides.